Ever wonder how they figure out the exact amount of gold in a pirate’s treasure chest, or how scientists determine the composition of a distant planet without ever setting foot on it? The secret lies in understanding the relationships between volume, density, and mass. These three properties are fundamental in not only understanding the world around us, but also in numerous practical applications from engineering and construction to cooking and medicine. Mastering these concepts unlocks the ability to predict how materials will behave, design structures with confidence, and analyze the composition of substances in a wide range of fields.